Synthetic quartz growing:
Related: the triboelectric[0] effect.
The link appears to be broken, it redirects me to the main page.
Do we still use piezo to power clock circuits of modern computers?
no, we use atomic clocks now... j/k
piezoelectric refers to generation of electricity from pressure applied to the material... the inverse of that effect is what generates oscillation.. quartz has a natural resonant frequency determined by its shape, size, and the way it’s cut, and when you apply AC it oscillates at a specific frequency.. the applied electricity causes is the material to deform.. that is the basic physical effect used in oscillators
MEMS oscillators are increasingly replacing quartz in compact, rugged, or integrated designs.
PLL-based frequency synthesis is used to scale a low-frequency reference (e.g., 25 MHz crystal) up to CPU/GPU GHz speeds.
MEMS are made on a different process than other silicon devices, which slightly increases their cost. They also need to have hermetically sealed packaging, same as quartz. Together there is little fundamental savings to be had with MEMS, but they do offer a higher ceiling on performance. I don't see crystals going away anytime soon.
Also, if you get a MEMS in a small epoxy / CSP package be weary of gases that permeate the packaging material, such as helium.
https://hackaday.com/2018/10/31/helium-can-stop-your-iphone-...
Obligatory must watch old dod training film on the subject.
https://youtube.com/watch?v=ZYyAYIUvI-M&pp=ygUiUXVhcnR6IGNye...
As well as Crystals go to war, on the industrial production of crystal oscillators: https://youtu.be/wHenisSTUQY?si=GzjfOFHFOknKRQ9m
I wish people still talked with the accent/style used in these old videos. It's so easy to understand and listen to, compared to the typical modern American accent.
It seems to be https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_American_Speech aka Mid-Atlantic Accent - an artificial accent - with a fairly strong natural accent of the speaker coming through.
What is an artificial accent? Isn't every accent just the way people choose to speak?
An artificial accent is one where there are no native speakers raised with it, but rather people are professionally trained to speak with it.
It's a way of speaking taught in broadcasting and acting schools
I was under the impression that this is effectively teaching people to speak without any accent at all
Oh no... it's an "accent". It's just a "desirable" one. Kind of like a posh accent in England.
Well no, definitely not - it’s just meant to be as clear as possible. The point is to make sure as many people as possible can understand you, which is very important in informational and entertaining broadcasts.
The midwest has the most neutral accent although it is slowly drifting
https://www.babbel.com/en/magazine/the-united-states-of-acce...
*Crystal
Thank you! Updated.