OK, this part was brilliant:
"To avoid this problem, the team divided their 100-milliwatt laser into eight beams. Each beam travels along a slightly different path through the turbulent atmosphere and thus receives a different random phase perturbation. Counterintuitively, this incoherent illumination makes the interference effects observable.
When I first started studying optical engineering, my teacher had worked on the first under-the-RADAR guidance system for bombers. He told lots of amusing stories, like how the pilots insisted on a manual override - so they "agreed" to provide a switch, noting to us manual piloting at near-treetop level and 1,000 ft/s is insane.
He taught us about the nominal amount of turbulence in the atmosphere, and that it limited space-based cameras to about half a foot resolution - a limit he said couldn't be broken. Therefore, license plates would never be readable from space...
Before I was out of grad school, they had broken it with laser techniques on nearby targets. Flash the laser at the same time as the image, scan the laser-illuminated spot, calculate the perturbance, and reverse-filter the image. A lot of processing (for that day), but it could be done back on Earth.
As you can see from the test images, the 8 lasers aren't enough to perfectly smooth out the noise. The noise is probably square-root-8 improved, so resolution should improve by a factor of not quite 3. Move those lasers slightly and repeat 12 times; you've improved resolution by 10. This is easy to do quickly; you should be able to read fine print held by a car passenger on the highway.
We are in the middle of a renaissance of image processing across a wide range of fields. Many of the previous limits are being smashed by using new materials and algorithms. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_ptychography for an example
That's how night mode works on Pixel phones, right? I believe it takes a few images in rapid succession and took advantage of the noise being random which meant a high quality image under a noisy sensor with some signal processing.
- "Flash the laser at the same time as the image, scan the laser-illuminated spot, calculate the perturbance, and reverse-filter the image"
That's also how some adaptive optics work in astronomy,
>He told lots of amusing stories, like how the pilots insisted on a manual override - so they "agreed" to provide a switch, noting to us manual piloting at near-treetop level and 1,000 ft/s is insane.
You ought to read Tom Wolfe’s “the right stuff” asap if you haven’t already
So what's the summary of how this works? I don't think it was explained well, and I'm fairly up to speed with the physics of photons etc. Is it that the multiple lasers are able to destructively interfere with each other so that they cancel out the noise from each other since the noise will be the same in all of them? That's tricky because if the photons are phase shifted to cancel out the noise that seems like the ENTIRE laser signal would be cancelled out too. Maybe this is what's happening, and the only thing "left over" is the signal from the source (what's being measured)?
> He imagines that the remote-imaging system could have several applications, including monitoring insect populations across agricultural land.
“Insect populations” is a funny way to spell secrets. Jokes aside, it does seem like this could serve a wide range of non-espionage related use cases. Really cool.
there is a now old technology where a laser is shone on a window, and the resulting glow is imaged, the images if anylised are an analog audio signal that is created by voices inside a building vib the newer version under discussion here is a direct fit forthe same use, but at much greater distances and greater fidelity/resolution there were many,mostly mechanical devices, made to detect aircraft ,deployed durring WWII, that had two large acoustical horns directed a central binaural detection sensor, the whole aparatus was the mounted on a large stage that turned, and the horns were also aimable, giving a bearing, and speed on aircraft, in dark ,coudy, or other conditions.The inferometer bieng someone in a seat.
> The team demonstrated that this intensity interferometer can image millimeter-wide letters at a distance of 1.36 km
i'm a bit confused when they don't measure things in olympic pools and bananas for scale
1mm at 1.36 km works out to about 150 milliarcsec (mas), if you're used to those units from astronomy contexts.
Letters were 8 mm.
> To demonstrate the system’s capabilities, the team created a series of 8-mm-wide targets, each made from a reflective material and imprinted with a letter.
intensity interferometer means it interferometers intensity of light.
imaging technologies you mistook for imagination technologies and their gpu inside of a sega dreamcast or iphone, ipad,...
1.36 km = 0.85 miles
That interesting article led me down a research rabbit hole of microwave maser inferometers and whether that could be an explanation for the controversial Havana Syndrome. And, having skimmed descriptions of historical SIGINT projects Buran[1] and Luch[2], and the theoretical advantages of such a system ... my curiosity in Faraday cages is renewed.
Lasers really are an underrated miracle. So many diverse uses for things that would be impossible without them.
And we are about to be saturated in them as soon as LiDAR full self driving goes mainstream
LIDAR pulses are in the order of a few nanoseconds.
Matter-wave lasers coming soon.
the website delights with the absence of ads throwing up into my eyes
Use Firefox and Unlock Origin and that can be every website, even on mobile.
My (mis?)understanding was that two receivers acting as an interferometer can only resolve things that are on a line parallel with the line between the receivers--so if the receivers are on a horizontal, then they can resolve left and right in their targets, but not up and down. But the images shown in the paper have more or less full 360 degrees resolution. Is that because they rotated the target? The paper says they did, but it's not clear how many increments of partial rotation they did--every 10 degrees, 20,...
If the target cannot be rotated, can the two (or more) receivers revolve around a central axis? If so, presumably one of the receivers could revolve around the other (fixed) receiver to the same effect.
Presumably this could be used for color imaging by using lasers of different wavelengths?
If it’s truly just like the methods astrophysicists use for transit imaging, you might even be able to do some funky stuff like monitor invisible gasses. Could potentially be revolutionary for things like fume safety and viral spread tracking, among other uses. Might even be able to analyze liquids in a container without having to touch the liquid (the name for this type of testing evades me at the moment)
I believe it'd be pretty wonky coloring, or at least it could be, since it'd be capturing snapshots of individual frequency responses. If something is visibly green, reflecting across most of the greenish areas of spectrum, but happens to absorb the exact frequency of the laser, it'd appear black when imaged this way. Or at least not green.
i think the applications to spy-craft could be quite interesting here. Something for the next mission impossible movie maybe?
It's also interesting to consider that they may be reinventing prior classified research.
Trivial to eliminate through window treatments and training to mitigate should-surfing risks.
It’s probably more valuable as a surveillance and monitoring tool than an espionage one, but they would no doubt be the first customers (if not already).
the reflective material requirement seems to be a limiting factor, so most likely application would be license plate reading?? They didn't mention anything about moving targets, but I guess space debris is also moving so maybe as an added layer to LiDAR??
I wonder if the requirement to rotate the target is inherent, or if it could be optimized away eventually?
I suspect this was an easy way to test it without having to build a rotatable optical bench.
A practical device may be an array of light sources and telescopes on a rotating mount or a set of moveable mirrors that achieve the same effect.
If it is required, then in a real application you could just rotate the laser array instead.
I also wonder about the requirement for the letters to be made of reflective material.
Or rotate the telescopes
My favorite "lasers at distance" thing will be when amateurs can get a few photons back from the mirrors left on the moon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Laser_Ranging_experiment...
Not quite there yet at the amateur level, private industry soon, but then there is the question of safety to air traffic.
Can you imagine the first moon data link? JWST has 8mbps
Modulating a laser beam for communications is not new but this distance effort by amateurs doing a two-way voice transmission over 167km in New Zeland is pretty cool. This article also mentions a number of other laser communication long distance efforts.
https://www.modulatedlight.org/Modulated_Light_DX/MODULATED_...
And the next will be when the amateur data links manage to noticeably heat the mirrors...
People do use radio (though not optical) for Earth-Moon-Earth data links: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%E2%80%93Moon%E2%80%93Ear...
Except when it's raining
How does this compare to the state of the art?
... but only if its written on shiny paper