Elaborate memory management (paging) systems need caching of lookups for high performance. But they can go wrong. The post was made in a security/safety context but did I miss something, because it didn't seems to make clear what the dangers are?
I'm no expert on TLB invalidation bugs but generally they allow for an attacker to read/write arbitrary memory.
https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2019/01/taking-page-f...