• cjs_ac 9 months ago
    • asow92 9 months ago

      My mom works for our local municipal government administering a HUD lead abatement grant. The state of lead contamination in many older homes in low income areas is just awful.

      • geepytee 9 months ago

        Is there any cheap way to test the quality of my water? I did some Googling around, looks like there are services that will do this for a fee but didn't look particularly affordable.

        • ars 9 months ago

          Are you on municipal water? If you are call the water company, they will often test it for free. They are required by law to test a certain number of houses each year - yours can be one of them.

          If you are on well water, call your county department of health, there might be a fee, but it should be lower than a private lab.

          • geepytee 9 months ago

            I think so? I'll check with the city of Redwood City / San Mateo county. Good call!

          • mystified5016 9 months ago

            Looks like there's some fairly cheap "diy water test kit" on Amazon.

            I'd expect them to work reasonably well, at least for lead. The chemistry is pretty simple. Whether they can detect low concentrations is another matter. You could boil a pot of water until most of it is gone and test that. You'll have a much higher concentration of any contaminants.

            • geepytee 9 months ago

              Just ordered one, wish there was one for microplastics too (and whichever other contaminants that I'm not aware of).

            • tstrimple 9 months ago

              If you want specific numbers, you'll need to get a lab involved which will be more expensive. But to just detect the presence of contaminants, a cheap tester like available at hardware stores should work.

              An example: https://www.homedepot.com/p/Safe-Home-Do-it-Yourself-Lead-in...

              • asow92 9 months ago

                Regardless of your water source and/or lead contamination level, it's advisable to install a reverse osmosis filtration system. They're relatively affordable and will remove most contaminants. As a bonus reverse osmosis will produce clean tasting water rivaling that of bottled water, but you might want to consider supplementing minerals in your diet to compensate for anything lost in filtration.

            • laluser 9 months ago

              I recently did a full replacement of my lead-soldered water pipes in my 1970s home in Seattle. Despite how much people rave about how great the drinking water is in Seattle, many homes have older piping systems, which will test positive for lead in the drinking water. It was a very expensive and time-consuming project, but I am glad I did it. Unfortunately, many will not even know they are being exposed due to the clean water reports from the city.

              • maples37 9 months ago

                What did you end up replacing it with?

                I've done no research, but I wonder what the risk tradeoff is between a tiny amount of lead in contact with my drinking water (assuming copper pipes joined together with lead-based solder, not lead-free solder) versus the new plastic pipes that are becoming standard. I'm sure PEX is designed so that it doesn't leach plastic nastiness into the water, but I wouldn't be surprised if we find out that after a few decades it starts breaking down anyway and suddenly we have a whole new toxin in our drinking water and we need to replace half of the pipes in America again.

                • Kirby64 9 months ago

                  The dose makes the poison here.

                  How much lead is permissible before it’s bad? The answer is, very very very little.

                  In comparison, you get copper contamination from copper pipes (especially if the water is too acidic), however the body handles a little copper just fine. It doesn’t build up in the body unlike lead.

                  Then you’re left with plastics: PEX or PVC. As of yet, there’s some potential concerns with microplastics in general… but that is from all the tiny plastic particles found everywhere, not solid pieces of pipe. And there hasn’t really be any evidence that it causes any specific known issue. If it was some giant problem (like lead in drinking water!) then the magnitude of effect would be much more obvious.

                  • ars 9 months ago

                    The underground feeder to your house is likely to be HDPE actually - which is chemically similar to PEX.

                    Both are made from Polyethylene, which is the exact same stuff oil (including food), gas, wax, natural gas, etc is made off. i.e. you body handles that all the time.

                    • sebastiennight 9 months ago

                      Wait... when is the last time you've drank:

                      - polyethylene oil?

                      - gas?

                      - natural gas?

                      - wax (I'm assuming candle wax)?

                      I understand you don't mean "drink" when you say our body "handles" it, but you do realize we don't make food from PET, nor do we usually "handle" gas and natural gas in any form of direct contact?*

                      * with the fun exception of a brief craze in my high school years where people would mix hard alcohol with gasoline to make cocktails "stronger". That's another story though

                      • ars 9 months ago

                        I'm not claiming you will get nutrition from it, I'm saying these thing are not toxic to the body because it has the necessary biological mechanisms to handle it.

                        It's the same way that, even though you shouldn't drink it, acetone is barely toxic, because your body knows how to process it.

                        I should remind you that there are other plastics, but polyethylene is not one of the toxic ones.

                        (Gas, as in gasoline, has benzene which is a different category. Note also that many plastics have plasticizers which are also a different category, although polyethylene rarely has any, it's possible that it could.)

                    • mystified5016 9 months ago

                      Yeah, the 'safe' level of lead is essentially zero. I think on the order of nanograms per liter.

                      Common wisdom is "there is no safe level of lead".

                      • Kirby64 9 months ago

                        Sure, agreed. I’m just pointing out that the GP quibbles “what about microplastics” without comparing the known levels of lead (ie even extremely small amounts) that are unsafe. And it’s pretty obvious that high levels of lead lead to developmental issues. The same cannot currently be said of microplastics.

                      • garaetjjte 9 months ago

                        >If it was some giant problem (like lead in drinking water!) then the magnitude of effect would be much more obvious.

                        If that was such an obvious problem, they wouldn't have put the lead pipes in the first place...

                        • Kirby64 9 months ago

                          Science had evolved massively in 50 years. We used to put lead in gasoline too.

                          • notjulianjaynes 9 months ago

                            We've known lead was harmful for nearly 2,000 years though [1]. Compare that timeline to compounds created, widely used, and then discovered to be harmful in the past 50 years.

                            I am not advocating for lead or copper soldered water pipes, but I am conservatively skeptical about PVC being totally safe for the same timeline existing lead pipes have been in use. In July the EPA proposed raising the priority rating of vinyl chloride on its toxic substances list. It doesn't seem implausible to me that in 50 years we'll be taking about PVC pipes the same way were talking about lead pipes today.

                            I am not claiming that PVC water pipes are dangerous just that I am skeptical there is enough historical data to claim they are totally risk free. I am not a scientist or expert on this subject

                            1.https://penelope.uchicago.edu/encyclopaedia_romana/wine/lead...

                            Edit: added source

                            • Kirby64 9 months ago

                              People knew lead was harmful in large quantities, sure, but the science around just how bad lead is and how little can cause damage I would say was not known.

                              Regarding PVC: It already is not used in almost any new construction for water supply lines, at least in the US. It's used for drains, but the leeching concern isn't really an issue for drain pipes. No water pressure, and no continuous immersion typically. Issues about BPA/vinyl compounds are

                              As per PEX, I can't say for certain that it's 100% risk free, but overall there is increased scrutiny on drinking water and contaminates and PEX right now seems to be the best choice.

                    • Mistletoe 9 months ago

                      Wouldn’t it have been easier to just install an RO filtration system on your drinking water source at the sink? Then you get the benefits of RO drinking water and the cost is minuscule. You don’t drink from the toilets and showers and all that.

                      • yieldcrv 9 months ago

                        The entire understanding of good or bad water is based on anecdotes, conjecture and taste. Which tells you nothing. Then some savant talks praises about the water source and municipal treatment process.

                        When really the last mile is the most variable aspect. All of it needs to be clean the whole way.

                        The way people talk about local water is absurd.

                        • laluser 9 months ago

                          Seattle does a good job of publishing stats about their water and it is tested at multiple different locations. However, as you allude to, you should test your individual water as well.

                        • davis 9 months ago

                          What type of pipes did you have? How did you know they had lead issues?

                          • laluser 9 months ago

                            I tested the water at a local company. Did multiple water tests. First pull in the morning, another one after flushing for a few minutes and then in multiple areas. Home inspector let us know we may have lead in the joints for the pipes which turns out to be a significant amount.

                            • therealdrag0 9 months ago

                              What material was your pipes besides the joints?

                              • laluser 9 months ago

                                Copper. The lead joints were enough to considerably contaminate the water with lead.

                          • Izikiel43 9 months ago

                            Do you know if in Seattle newer houses are lead free?

                            • laluser 9 months ago

                              As far as I know newer homes are using pex these days. I lived in a newer townhome prior to this house and that was pex too. There’s a place in Fremont that does water testing.

                            • sidewndr46 9 months ago

                              are you not allowed to simply abandon the old pipes in place? Do you have to actually replace them?

                              • jakogut 9 months ago

                                The issue is not removing old pipes, but even getting access to install new pipes. This typically means opening up walls and floors, and patching the resulting holes after it's done.

                                • laluser 9 months ago

                                  Yep, this was the longest part of the process. Plumbers were in and out in 3 days but left a huge mess to deal with, which we were aware of.

                                • laluser 9 months ago

                                  Yes, a lot of the old pipes were left in place. That seems to be fairly common as they are difficult to remove given they are made of copper

                              • calibas 9 months ago

                                When I was a child I was taught that ingesting lead caused insanity and brain damage. I was taught that the use of lead pipes was one of the main factors that caused the Roman Empire to fall. It was implied that modern man was smarter than that now and we stopped using lead in pipes.

                                As an adult, I learned that lead was still used in water pipes. Even the more recent "lead-free" pipes can still have a little bit of lead in them ("no more than 0.25% lead in the wetted surfaces").

                                • spwa4 9 months ago

                                  The Roman Empire used lead to make wine sweeter, more colorful, better preserved and easier to drink. Apparently dissolving lead in wine enables humans to drink more of it and get drunker than would normally be possible.

                                  Incidentally they did the same to grape syrup.

                                  • p3rls 9 months ago

                                    The first aqueduct went up in Rome around 300 BC. That is half-century before the Punic war... No, not that one with Hannibal... The one before that.

                                    That's a longgg fall.

                                    • 1970-01-01 9 months ago

                                      >It was implied that modern man was smarter than that now and we stopped using lead in pipes.

                                      We learned so much from the Romans, and then burned leaded gasoline anyway!

                                      • dmonitor 9 months ago

                                        Lead causing the downfall of two major empires in history would be very funny

                                      • EasyMark 9 months ago

                                        Lead isn’t one of the things that sunk the Roman Empire, that is just a pop-history theory that stuck over the years for some reason. I’m sure lead did brain damage in Roman times, but that’s not why the empire died

                                      • 1970-01-01 9 months ago

                                        If we can rip and replace all lead pipes in just 10 years, we could also bury all nearby high voltage electric cables. But we won't.

                                        • Groxx 9 months ago

                                          Replacing lead pipes is a no-brainer (net-positive brainer really) that has essentially nothing but hugely positive results.

                                          Burying electrical cables isn't anywhere near as clear-cut of a benefit, AFAIK. Better in some ways, worse in others, ~always more expensive.

                                          • favorited 9 months ago

                                            There are a few California towns that would have benefitted from buried power transmission lines in recent years.

                                            • HelloMcFly 9 months ago

                                              I don't think the person you responded to is saying we shouldn't bury any lines, but rather questions the wisdom of investing enough to bury ALL lines retroactively.

                                              • undefined 9 months ago
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                                                • mulmen 9 months ago

                                                  > There are a few California towns that would have benefitted from buried power transmission lines in recent years.

                                                  Is it possible to bury high voltage transmission lines?

                                                  • throwaway48476 9 months ago

                                                    Yes

                                                    • undefined 9 months ago
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                                                • nerdponx 9 months ago

                                                  Are we sure that microplastics from the new pipes aren't just as bad? Can you make your water reasonably microplastic-safe by running it for 2 minutes in the morning?

                                                  • Supermancho 9 months ago

                                                    > Are we sure that microplastics from the new pipes aren't just as bad?

                                                    In general, yes, for all the comparisons of good vs bad that I can think of. Long term effects of microplastics vs neurotoxic metals is "we aren't quite sure long term, but not measurable brain damage" vs "guaranteed measurable brain damage short to long term".

                                                    If plastic bits are big enough, it's obviously a different equation (acute vs gradual), but that's not the implication I understood.

                                                    • sharpshadow 9 months ago

                                                      Usually limescale build up inside water pipes and should avoid further microplastics release into the water.

                                                      There was also a study which showed that boiling tab water with microplastics binds those in the line which builds up.

                                                      • marcosdumay 9 months ago

                                                        Yes, we are sure it's not as bad.

                                                        And you pipes shouldn't emit any measurable amount of microplastics. Any emission is a flaw somewhere that you are better fixing. But even with all the flaws, the microplastics are not even remotely as bad as lead.

                                                        Next on the line, yeah, eating dirt is safer than concentrated potassium cyanide, and swimming drunk in a water pool is safer than in a lava pool.

                                                      • sidewndr46 9 months ago

                                                        Most electrical cables are AC. Burying them just leads to higher losses.

                                                        • 1970-01-01 9 months ago

                                                          Almost all new construction homes will be built with utilities buried: all electrical, water pipes, drains, and high speed fiber go directly to a foundation. That loss argument is valid, but in practice it isn't slowing anything down.

                                                      • snakeyjake 9 months ago

                                                        There are hundreds of thousands of miles of transmission lines, and millions of miles of distribution lines in parts of the US where every single house is on a well.

                                                        Because water delivery is centralized and power distribution is not, the size of the power grid is approximately 3x that of water infrastructure.

                                                        And the percentage of lead pipes makes up a small part of the whole (9.2 million lead lines out of 100 million total, from the EPA report) while the percentage of above ground power lines makes up a very large part of the whole. Replacing those 9.2 million line segments is estimated (heh) to cost $30 billion.

                                                        At $1 million per mile, needing to replace 82% of the distribution system and 99.5% of the transmission system would cost:

                                                        $1 million x (5.5 million * .82) + $1 million x (500,000 * .995) = $5 trillion dollars.

                                                        $5 trillion is $5,000 billion.

                                                        $5,000 billion > $30 billion.

                                                        By a lot.

                                                        Above ground percentages: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=7250

                                                        Line type mileage: https://ifp.org/how-to-save-americas-transmission-system/

                                                        I don't know how much it costs to bury power lines but this article says it costs $1 million per mile for water pipes so I figured that would be a good starting point: https://www.americaninfrastructuremag.com/flowing-forward-ad...

                                                        • MiguelX413 9 months ago

                                                          Why would we want to bury high voltage electric cables?

                                                          • Rebelgecko 9 months ago

                                                            Reduced fire risk is the main reason. The $ value of damage after a big fire often isn't THAT much smaller than the cost of undergrounding cables in that area. There's also some fringe benefits for aesthetics, electrocution risk, and maintenance costs (underground maintenance is more expensive but less common)

                                                            • fwip 9 months ago

                                                              Power on telephone poles have a couple problems, mainly involving trees/cars/miscreants breaking them and causing power outages (and sometimes fires). Some people also feel they're unsightly.

                                                              However, underground cables can be also be broken (e.g: by water leaks or backhoes), and in these cases, it can be more expensive and time-consuming to find and fix the break. I believe initial installation is also more costly.

                                                              • MiguelX413 9 months ago

                                                                I see, thank you for the explanation.

                                                              • r00fus 9 months ago

                                                                Prevent fires - and overhead power lines are ugly AF. You don't notice it until you go to a place where they don't have them and wonder why the scenery looks so nice.

                                                                • 1970-01-01 9 months ago

                                                                  They're much safer, have much less maintenance, and higher lifetime 'uptimes'.

                                                              • anyfoo 9 months ago

                                                                That’s one of the more bizarre things in the US to me. Lead pipes have been outlawed in Bavaria in the 1800s. It’s not something anyone ever thinks about, so imagine my surprise when I moved to a major US city and was told that I should test my water.

                                                                • rs999gti 9 months ago

                                                                  > Lead pipes have been outlawed in Bavaria in the 1800s

                                                                  Lead may not be used in EU pipes, but the fittings and solder still contain lead.

                                                                  https://www.zerowater.eu/zerowater-knowledge-center/lead-in-....

                                                                  • anyfoo 9 months ago

                                                                    This article rather seems to prove what I said?

                                                                    “The authors of the study stated that it could be assumed that other municipalities in Germany – with the exception of Frankfurt am Main and the southern German states – might also be confronted with increased levels of lead in drinking water.”

                                                                    It’s not surprising to me that the former GDR states that the article mentions as hotspots in the following paragraph are in a different position, they have to catch up in a lot of areas.

                                                                    (And that’s not going into what’s considered “exceeded” levels in the EU.)

                                                                  • windowsrookie 9 months ago

                                                                    I stayed in Budapest Hungary last year and a bunch of the buildings had warnings they were testing the water for lead contamination. So this is apparently an issue in Europe as well.

                                                                    • anyfoo 9 months ago

                                                                      I tried several times to find an appropriate answer to your comment, but it's hard. If you do not realize that "Europe" is made up of many vastly different countries, and that Bavaria is not a part of Hungary, then I just don't know what to say.

                                                                      • windowsrookie 9 months ago

                                                                        You stated in the first sentence of your post:

                                                                        "That’s one of the more bizarre things in the US to me."

                                                                        I am pointing out that you shouldn't consider it a bizarre thing in the US, because it a is a problem in Europe as well.

                                                                        Trying to insult me by explaining that Europe is made up of different countries is obviously not helpful. Hungary and Bavaria are both part of Europe. That is my point. I'm sorry you didn't understand this.

                                                                        • anyfoo 9 months ago

                                                                          I don't understand why the problem existing elsewhere in Europe (which I did not mention) is relevant. Europe is made up of countries vastly differing in almost every regard, including for example the Balkans. I would have been far less surprised if I had moved to Hungary instead of a major US city. Is it somehow more appropriate to compare the US to Hungary instead of Germany? If so, then that is very surprising to me, too.

                                                                          • p3rls 9 months ago

                                                                            Uh wrong-- we aspire to be like Hungary-- that is to say with enough hard work and deportations maybe one day we can reach comparable levels of civilization as our Magyar overlords but it is far from certain.

                                                                    • grecy 9 months ago

                                                                      Infrastructure in much of the US is extremely old and crumbling, often barely holding on. In the name of profit many important upgrades and replacements are simply not done until things fail - like 46,154 bridges that are in use today that are structurally deficient. [1]

                                                                      [1] https://infrastructurereportcard.org/cat-item/bridges-infras...

                                                                      • undefined 9 months ago
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                                                                    • maartn 9 months ago

                                                                      This is serious, right? There really still are lead drinking water pipes used in the US?

                                                                      • bbatha 9 months ago

                                                                        Its not a free for all, but there are some legacy pipes with lead in them. The EPA currently limits the amount of lead measured in drinking water lines. This is where the root of the problem happened in Flint. They had lead pipes that had calcified and were not delivering contaminated water. They changed water sources which changed the chemistry of the water causing the lead to corrode into the water.

                                                                        • haswell 9 months ago

                                                                          There are a lot of legacy lead pipes. 400K homes in Chicago alone supplied by ~50K lead supply lines estimated to require 40-50 years to replace.

                                                                        • simmonmt 9 months ago

                                                                          Yes. They were installed many decades ago and haven't been replaced because a) it would be extremely expensive to do so and b) there are additives which AIUI prevent or at least significantly reduce leaching.

                                                                          I'd be shocked if the EPA's cost estimates turns out to even be within an order of magnitude off the actual cost. Maybe they're just measuring the cost to utilities for the parts not on private property.

                                                                          • fy20 9 months ago

                                                                            > there are additives which AIUI prevent or at least significantly reduce leaching

                                                                            Hard water (high in calcium and magnesium) can form a scale on the inside of copper pipes. In a way this acts as a protective layer, as the water doesn't actually come into contact with the copper.

                                                                        • maartn 9 months ago
                                                                          • yieldcrv 9 months ago

                                                                            > scientists have concluded that no safe threshold for lead exposure exists

                                                                            Lead should be a Schedule I substance controlled by the DEA?

                                                                          • t0bia_s 9 months ago

                                                                            Most of lead pipes are nowadays covered with water stone inside, so amount of leaking lead should be much lower then years ago.

                                                                            Replacing with new plastic pipes rise concerns about mictoplastics in water.

                                                                            • beej71 9 months ago

                                                                              Whenever I hear something like this, I wonder if the Chevron ruling allows the EPA to do things like this...?

                                                                              • undefined 9 months ago
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                                                                                • throwway120385 9 months ago

                                                                                  We should do asbestos and paint next.

                                                                                  • more_corn 9 months ago

                                                                                    Wait, we still use lead pipes for drinking water?

                                                                                    • haswell 9 months ago

                                                                                      Just one example, but in the city of Chicago, over 400K homes still get their tap water through leaded lines. The city will get an exemption to the 10 year replacement requirement due to the sheer number of pipes that need replacing meaning another 40-50 years of lead pipes based on replacing 10K/year [0].

                                                                                      It's pretty crazy.

                                                                                      - [0] https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/04/01/1241470...

                                                                                      • sidewndr46 9 months ago

                                                                                        Sure, but isn't this the same place that mandated lead pipes for most of its existence?

                                                                                        • haswell 9 months ago

                                                                                          Not sure I understand the point you’re trying to make.

                                                                                          Regardless of the history, it’s a big issue that requires a massive effort to solve.

                                                                                          • sidewndr46 9 months ago

                                                                                            The point is when government does something malicious explicitly to make money, the last thing they should ever get is an exemption. If our society was equitable the politicians that were involved in that farce would be required to personally show up and remove leaded pipes from people's residence.

                                                                                            • haswell 9 months ago

                                                                                              Why do you believe this was malicious and/or explicitly to make money? The use of lead pipes was a well established practice that started in the early 1800s and continued until the federal government banned them in 1986.

                                                                                              The original people involved had no awareness of the danger. As awareness grew, you could make the case that people in the 80s could have stopped installing these pipes sooner, but by then, most of the system was already in place and the continued installations were based on 150+ years of precedent and policy.

                                                                                              A majority of the decision makers (not necessarily just politicians) responsible for the policies and a majority of the pipes are dead.

                                                                                              The exemption is a matter of pure practicality. There are only so many crews capable of doing this work and so much of the water system that can be disrupted at one time.

                                                                                      • ericd 9 months ago

                                                                                        My understanding is that in a lot of places, the water has essentially coated the pipes with minerals, so the water doesn’t actually touch the lead, and it ends up not being as large a problem as you’d think. I think the problems arise when municipal water changes something that lets the water dissolve away those minerals (make it acidic, for example) and start interacting directly with the lead.

                                                                                        • petee 9 months ago

                                                                                          This is the case in my area; our service is almost 100 years old. You just need to run the water for minute if you haven't used it recently, since the leech is very slow.

                                                                                          Another issue besides tearing up the whole front yard (our line is 8' deep) is it would likely destroy the ancient ceramic sewer line. An upgrade can get expensive quick

                                                                                          • mschuster91 9 months ago

                                                                                            > Another issue besides tearing up the whole front yard (our line is 8' deep) is it would likely destroy the ancient ceramic sewer line. An upgrade can get expensive quick

                                                                                            Normally you're supposed to put away 1-2% of the home's value into a repair/maintenance fund. That way you won't get hit too hard for all the random crap that crops up when owning a house.

                                                                                        • Cthulhu_ 9 months ago

                                                                                          Yup, some infrastructure is ancient. From memory, correct me if I'm wrong, it was relatively safe in e.g. Flint because an inner lining of limescale had formed, but they changed something in the water causing that lining to deteriorate.

                                                                                          But redoing infrastructure is a huge and expensive undertaking, also given that 100+ years ago they weren't as diligent in mapping out things underground and they put sewage, electricity and internet in the same ground since then.

                                                                                          IIRC an in-between solution is lining the pipes with an inner plastic one (they have Ways), but that may not be possible everywhere and reduces the flow capacity.

                                                                                          Anyway there's 2.2 million miles of water piping in the US apparently, that'll take a while.

                                                                                          • rurp 9 months ago

                                                                                            > also given that 100+ years ago they weren't as diligent in mapping out things underground and they put sewage, electricity and internet in the same ground since then.

                                                                                            I have some experience with the local utility companies in my city and it's shocking how often they don't know where their own lines are, even ones that are only a decade or two old. I can only imagine how lacking the knowledge is from 100+ year old infrastructure.

                                                                                          • buildsjets 9 months ago

                                                                                            There are an unknown number of hollowed out tree logs still in service and being used to transport drinking water.

                                                                                            https://www.kake.com/news/wichita-used-to-use-trees-as-water...

                                                                                            • jcgrillo 9 months ago

                                                                                              Every once in a while they dig one up by accident in Boston. Many ~ancient cities don't even know where all the pipes are, or how they're connected. It'll be a colossal project.

                                                                                              • jvdvegt 9 months ago

                                                                                                Unavailable in EU, so here we go; https://archive.is/9I14n

                                                                                              • mandevil 9 months ago

                                                                                                Our (1) infrastructure is ancient. PG&E started the Camp Fire wildfire in 2018 when a electrical transmission line built in 1921 failed (only lasted 97 years). That killed 85 people.

                                                                                                1: America for sure, I would suspect other countries might not be as bad, as they would have generally electrified more recently- just not that many electrical transmission lines in Romania in 1921- and are more likely to have had to rebuild after wartime.

                                                                                                • Lammy 9 months ago

                                                                                                  Because I was curious: the deadliest wildfire in California's history killed 0.00021% of the state's 2018 population.

                                                                                                • quickthrowman 9 months ago

                                                                                                  Many places have 100+ year old lead service lines.

                                                                                                  • sdellis 9 months ago

                                                                                                    You'd be surprised. Many places, including my neighborhood in New Jersey, don't have any access to drinking water at all. We are cooking with and drinking bottled water for the foreseeable future.

                                                                                                    • Rebelgecko 9 months ago

                                                                                                      Most GA planes still use leaded gas!

                                                                                                      • lesuorac 9 months ago

                                                                                                        Wait till you learn that hot water sometimes has leaded pipes while the cold will be non-lead.

                                                                                                        • cyberax 9 months ago

                                                                                                          That's not a huge problem, though, unless you drink the hot tap water.

                                                                                                          • undefined 9 months ago
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                                                                                                            • Zooti 9 months ago

                                                                                                              Which isn't the best if you have a water softener, as the hot side typically has some salt in it as well.

                                                                                                              • jasongill 9 months ago

                                                                                                                Water softeners don't use salt to soften the water, they use salt to clean the hardness off the negatively charged plastic beads that the water flows through. At night, when the water isn't being used, the water supply is temporarily used to flush water through the salt block and basically rinse out the beads, which is then drained.

                                                                                                                You should only get a trace amount of sodium (milligrams per cup of water I imagine) just from any tiny bit of salty water that wasn't backwashed out during the rinse cycle, but nothing more. If your water has salty taste that means you probably need a new water softener

                                                                                                                • AlexandrB 9 months ago

                                                                                                                  I thought water softners typically used an "ion exchange resin"[1] where the hard water (magnesium, calcium) ions are swapped for sodium ions[2]. So you should be able to taste some sodium.

                                                                                                                  [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion-exchange_resin

                                                                                                                  [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening#Ion-exchange_r...

                                                                                                                  • Zooti 9 months ago

                                                                                                                    I was under the impression its simply best practice to not drink water from the shower/hot faucet. I've never tasted salt myself, just something I'd been told over the years.

                                                                                                                    Good to know, thank you.

                                                                                                                    • fy20 9 months ago

                                                                                                                      The main reason not to drink hot water is that it can be sitting around in a tank for a while, and it isn't held at a temperature which kills all bacteria.

                                                                                                          • hanniabu 9 months ago

                                                                                                            Now can we stop using PVC for supply lines?

                                                                                                            • undefined 9 months ago
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                                                                                                              • dopylitty 9 months ago

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                                                                                                                • diogocp 9 months ago

                                                                                                                  Judges wouldn't try to determine whether "ingesting lead is bad for you".

                                                                                                                  They would determine whether the EPA is acting within the powers granted to it by Congress, which is what only judges are qualified to do.

                                                                                                                  • overlordalex 9 months ago

                                                                                                                    Yes and no. If congress has granted the EPA authority to regulate water to ensure it's not bad for you, then someone needs to determine what "bad for you" means.

                                                                                                                    Previously, under Chevron, the courts would defer to the EPA as the experts to make that determination (with the understanding that congress could always pass more specific legislation if they felt the EPA was overstepping its granted authority)

                                                                                                                    What the Supreme Court has said is deferring to the agency is going too far, and that if congress wants specific things regulated then it needs to be specific in it's legislation. Prima facie that makes sense, except for two major problems: congress is not productive enough in passing legislation, and congress are not the experts

                                                                                                                    This means that when questions like this arise, it comes to the courts to be the ones who end up interpreting the statutes and making the determination on what "bad for you" means.

                                                                                                                    • joe_the_user 9 months ago

                                                                                                                      Not anymore.

                                                                                                                      Or rather, judges have been given the power to make technical interpretations of law rather than just looking at the broad meaning of a law and leaving the technical interpretation to the agency.

                                                                                                                      See the overturning of the Chevron decision.

                                                                                                                      https://www.scotusblog.com/2024/06/supreme-court-strikes-dow...

                                                                                                                      • WillPostForFood 9 months ago

                                                                                                                        Lead limits are in the text of the law, as they should be. So no need to cry wolf.

                                                                                                                        Section 1417 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) establishes the definition for “lead free” as a weighted average of 0.25% lead calculated across the wetted surfaces of a pipe, pipe fitting, plumbing fitting, and fixture and 0.2% lead for solder and flux. The Act also provides a methodology for calculating the weighted average of wetted surfaces.

                                                                                                                      • sixothree 9 months ago

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                                                                                                                      • DHPersonal 9 months ago

                                                                                                                        I was wondering about this myself. The Loper Bright case (removing the Chevron deference) makes me wonder if the EPA can do much of anything to enforce this. I'm not that smart about laws and definitely not a lawyer, so I have no idea what I'm even questioning, really.

                                                                                                                        • undefined 9 months ago
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                                                                                                                          • HideousKojima 9 months ago

                                                                                                                            That's a weird way to say "Only judges are allowed to determine if an agency is acting within its congressionally (democratically) established authority or if it's autocratically making sweeping regulatory changes beyond their democratically granted authority."

                                                                                                                            • light_hue_1 9 months ago

                                                                                                                              That's a weird way to say you have no idea what Chevron was about and what judges do.

                                                                                                                              Judges always determined if an agency was acting within its statute.

                                                                                                                              The question that Chevron settled, was what if the statute was too ambiguous? Congress used to update laws regularly, but those times are over. It can't legislate effectively anymore. A lot of our laws are ancient and they're designed for a bygone era that often predates even the computer, never mind the internet, modern medicine, etc.

                                                                                                                              Chevron said, judges don't get to make decisions in those cases. Because those would be arbitrary decisions. It's better to have third party experts make those decisions until Congress can catch up. And if Congress has a problem it can overrule them as it always could. Agencies set up processes to make the review open, to gather data and evidence, comments for the public, etc.

                                                                                                                              Now we have the worst of all worlds. Appointed partisan judges, with no oversight, no accountability, get to make monumental arbitrary decisions about how minutia of our lives work, based on absolutely nothing, with no review, no criteria and no relevant expertise at all. All while essentially having no code of ethics and being subject to lobbying.

                                                                                                                              • lcnPylGDnU4H9OF 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                > Congress used to update laws regularly, but those times are over. It can't legislate effectively anymore.

                                                                                                                                This is defeatist, and misses the point. Congress should continue to update laws regularly and the SC decision provides an impetus for them to start doing so. Congress mandating the regulation also has the effect of Congress determining the scope of legislation. With Chevron, there's no reason for them to update laws because they just let, e.g., the EPA make up the scope of the laws themselves. (Why people will claim "overreach".)

                                                                                                                                The scenario this enabled is a new presidential administration would be elected who would fire the old regulatory leadership and hire their own, effectively allowing the executive branch to re-write the law every 4-8 years. There was a lot of opinion thrown around about how the SC decision is a power grab for the judicial branch and I just don't see it. They took power away from the executive and gave it back to the legislative, where it had been before Congress became useless.

                                                                                                                                Whether or not one agrees with this approach is worth considering, but man, talk about comments that demonstrate the author has "no idea what Chevron was about".

                                                                                                                                • light_hue_1 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                  Wow. Your viewpoint is that Congress doesn't work so we should give it more to do?

                                                                                                                                  Ok. Well I have nothing to say to that. Enjoy your pollution, diseases and shortned lifespan!

                                                                                                                                  • lcnPylGDnU4H9OF 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                    What a bad faith take. I recommend taking another pass at the comment and trying to get a more respectable understanding. You’ll never find common ground with others by adopting such a shitty attitude.

                                                                                                                              • PhasmaFelis 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                The price of freedom is ~~eternal vigilance~~ childhood brain damage.

                                                                                                                                • relaxing 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                  The children with permanent CNS damage can simply elect representatives in congress who are willing to act on their behalf, and then keep them in office across 3 election cycles until there is a supermajority able to enact change, and also hold the office of the president until the current SCOTUS majority retires/dies off.

                                                                                                                                  • HideousKojima 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                    Then start a violent revolution to install a government that will mandate this and whatever else you want by fiat. But until then or otherwise, stop pretending that unelected officials making decisions beyond the authority delegated to them by elected officials is democratic.

                                                                                                                                    • PhasmaFelis 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                      The thing in this particular case, as you know, is that we have a very obviously biased Supreme Court making decisions based on what's good for the corporations paying them, instead of either settled precedent or the intentions of the original legislators.

                                                                                                                                      The intended checks having failed, they're allowed to do this. You're old enough to know that "allowed to" does not automatically mean "morally right."

                                                                                                                                      EDIT: Actually, let's bottom-line it: Stop pretending that pointing out any flaws in a democratic government is anti-democratic. That's exactly backwards.

                                                                                                                                  • rpnx 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                    It is a typical example of "I'm right so I should be allowed to bypass the democratic process and do whatever I want" thinking. It's quite dangerous.

                                                                                                                                • resters 9 months ago

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                                                                                                                                  • Freedom2 9 months ago

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                                                                                                                                    • cjs_ac 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                      Taking your comment at face value (and ignoring any sarcasm), yes, this is worth spending taxpayers' money on, because one of the symptoms of lead poisoning is antisocial and violet behaviour.

                                                                                                                                      • sebastiennight 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                        If you see people turning violet, you should definitely assume something's wrong with water quality.

                                                                                                                                        • bobmcnamara 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                          Depressing: kids in Herculaneum Missouri had blue violet gums due to the lead dust.

                                                                                                                                    • John23832 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                      Good luck in NYC lol.

                                                                                                                                      If you could even attempt it, it would take 100 years.

                                                                                                                                      • gigatexal 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                        can we also wire fiber to every home and apartment in the country and screw all these ISP monopolies?

                                                                                                                                        • coretx 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                          This makes me think of the Roman Empire.

                                                                                                                                          • esaym 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                            Everyone here whining about lead pipes while drinking their $10 Starbucks latte from a brass boiler. lol

                                                                                                                                            • azinman2 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                              But what will it be replaced with? HDPE? If it’s plastic based, it seems that instead of lead we’ll get microplastics and other plasticizers. Neither are good. At least with lead is that if the pH is correctly maintained than I believe the risk is actually negligible. There isn’t anything you can do for plastic to prevent its leaching and degradation.

                                                                                                                                              • BenFranklin100 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                                I’d really love if it someone crunched the numbers and estimated how much NIMBYism contributes to lead poisoning by not allowing older homes to be replaced with newer, modern homes.

                                                                                                                                                • testfoobar 9 months ago

                                                                                                                                                  Every incoming kindergartner, middle school student and high school student should be required to submit a blood lead level test to their school for data collection. This can be easily administered as part of their yearly checkup.

                                                                                                                                                  That data can then be used for tracking, remediation and support.

                                                                                                                                                  It would also reveal how much differential education outcomes are correlated to lead levels.